INTERFERENCE EFFETCS
It is a phenomenon in which mental processing is made slower and less accurate by competing mental processes ‘
It occurs when two or more perceptual or cognitive processes are in conflict.
There are 4 type of interference effect:
1. Stroop interference
Aspect that irrelevant stimulus that triggers a mental process that interferes with the processes involved in stimulus-related aspect. When the name of colour printed is not match with the colour, naming the colour of the word will take longer time. For example, the green colour is paint to the word “yellow”.
Example: Naming of colours from a list of coloured words
Source: Printscreen from a website
Explanation:
This is an online interactive stroop effect experiment. Participants are asked to verbally tell out the word's colour instead out reading the word itself. The word and its colour interfere with each other and it causes stroop effect which makes it hard for the participants to pass this experiment in a fast rate.
2.Garner interference
An irrelevant variation of a stimulus triggers a mental process involving a relevant aspect of the stimulus. For example, naming the column of shapes which stand alone is easier and quicker than naming either of the columns located together.
Example: Reading the first name of each full name given
Source: Taken from Bunga Raya College's notice board
Explanation:
Garner interference occurs when a person is required to read only the first name (underlined with red ink) of each of the full name listed on the list. The second part of the name tend to interfere with the reading process and thus slows it down.
An irrelevant variation of a stimulus triggers a mental process involving a relevant aspect of the stimulus. For example, naming the column of shapes which stand alone is easier and quicker than naming either of the columns located together.
Example: Reading the first name of each full name given
Source: Taken from Bunga Raya College's notice board
Explanation:
Garner interference occurs when a person is required to read only the first name (underlined with red ink) of each of the full name listed on the list. The second part of the name tend to interfere with the reading process and thus slows it down.
3. Proactive interference
Occurs when two similar information (current & previous information) mixed up. Proactive interference occurs when information learned previously inhibits the retrieval of newly learned information. In this case, the remnants of the original learning interfere with remembering newly learned information.
Example: The location of "SHUT DOWN" button for both Windows 7 and 8
Source: Both figure 1 and 2 are captured from our laptops.
Explanation:
A Windows 8 beginner user may experience proactive interference when his previous knowledge for Windows 7 interferes with his new usage learning of Windows 8. For instance, the location for the 'shut down' button are different for each of the Windows 7 ( figure 1) & Windows 8 ( figure 2 ). A new Windows 8 user may need some time for the minimization of the interference and to slowly get use to Windows 8.
Occurs when two similar information (current & previous information) mixed up. Proactive interference occurs when information learned previously inhibits the retrieval of newly learned information. In this case, the remnants of the original learning interfere with remembering newly learned information.
Example: The location of "SHUT DOWN" button for both Windows 7 and 8
Source: Both figure 1 and 2 are captured from our laptops.
Explanation:
A Windows 8 beginner user may experience proactive interference when his previous knowledge for Windows 7 interferes with his new usage learning of Windows 8. For instance, the location for the 'shut down' button are different for each of the Windows 7 ( figure 1) & Windows 8 ( figure 2 ). A new Windows 8 user may need some time for the minimization of the interference and to slowly get use to Windows 8.
4.Retroactive interference
Happens when learning interferes with existing memories. Retroactive interference occurs when newly learned information inhibits the retrieval of previously learned material. When new information is learned, new associations are made with existing long-term memories. This weakens existing associations with similarly learned material already stored in long-term memory. In this situation, previously learned and understood information is unable to be remembered.
Example: Auto gear and manual gear
Source: Figure 1 was taken from a rented car in UNIMAS while figure 2 was taken from our hometown.
Explanation:
A long term user of an auto gear as shown in figure 2, may experience retroactive interference when he or she could not remember well the ways to operate a manual car which has a manual gear as shown in figure 1.
Happens when learning interferes with existing memories. Retroactive interference occurs when newly learned information inhibits the retrieval of previously learned material. When new information is learned, new associations are made with existing long-term memories. This weakens existing associations with similarly learned material already stored in long-term memory. In this situation, previously learned and understood information is unable to be remembered.
Example: Auto gear and manual gear
Source: Figure 1 was taken from a rented car in UNIMAS while figure 2 was taken from our hometown.
Explanation:
A long term user of an auto gear as shown in figure 2, may experience retroactive interference when he or she could not remember well the ways to operate a manual car which has a manual gear as shown in figure 1.